The Explorers Page 24

perspiration, 161

  pessimism, 71

  Petherick, John, 254

  Phelps, Michael, 250

  Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 113

  Philip, Arthur, 36, 40n–41n

  Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah (Burton), 76–77

  pirates, Barbary, 47

  Plano Trabuco, 30, 31

  pleasure, 249

  pocket watches, 120–21

  polar bears, 94–95, 143

  polar exploration, 168–74

  polar semi-desert, 94

  pontine micturition center, 162

  Portola, Gaspar de, 30, 31–32

  Portugal, 64, 69n, 73, 77

  Portuguese, 112

  Post, Wiley, 206

  potential, 15

  prefrontal cortex, 126, 249

  prime meridian, 122

  procrastination, 89

  Ptolemy, 49, 79, 81

  puff adders, 117, 118

  Pulteney, William, 35

  Purtscheller, Ludwig, 132n

  quitting, 252

  railroads, 120

  Rakodah, 49

  Rawdon, Francis, 35

  Rebmann, Johannes, 48, 83, 87

  map of, 80–81, 82, 83

  Rebuffat, Gaston, 136, 137, 226

  Reformation, 61

  rescue parties, 10

  Resolution, 33, 42, 45

  Revolutionary War, 41

  Riobamba, 73–74

  Rio da Duvida (River of Doubt), 212

  Rio Negro, 177

  risk, 163

  risk avoidance, 161

  risk-taking, creative, 100–101

  river blindness, 186

  Robson, Brian, 13

  rock pythons, 118, 118n

  “Roger,” 6n

  Rome, 78

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 191, 211–12,

  234n

  Ross, James Clark, 97–98

  Ross, John, 8, 9, 10

  Ross, Ronald, 115n

  Ross, William, 254–55

  Ross Ice Shelf, 168, 171

  Royal Air Force, 209

  Royal Geographical Society (RGS), 7–8, 10, 11–13, 15, 29, 48–49, 81, 83–84, 86, 92, 93, 104, 105, 129–30, 151, 153n, 186, 198, 214–15, 229, 232, 234, 247, 254, 255, 268

  archives of, 8

  funding of, 85

  gold medal of, 8–9, 11, 84

  headquarters of, 7n

  membership of, 83

  Royal Marines, 42

  Royal Mineral Water Hospital, 257–58

  Royal Observatory, 121, 121n

  Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, 29, 35

  Ruapeho, Mount, 139

  “runner’s high,” 126

  Rusizi River, 183–84, 186–87, 198, 261, 263

  Russia, 43–44, 246, 248n

  Ruvyironza River, 192

  Ryan, Richard, 16

  sacrifice, 125

  Sahara Desert, 13, 47, 79, 80

  Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 163–64

  satellite phone, 201

  Saturday’s Club, 35–36, 37, 38–39

  schistosomiasis, 186

  Schomburg, Robert H., 12

  Scott, Robert Falcon, 7, 98, 167–74

  Cherry-Garrard’s description of, 14

  scurvy, 170

  SEALs, 165, 185

  self-awareness, 227–28

  self-direction, 203

  self-discipline, 16–17, 174–75, 219–36

  extremist reputation of, 226–27

  importance of, 225–26

  self-efficacy, 222–23, 224, 229–30

  “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change” (Bandura), 222

  self-mastery, 222–23, 224

  Seligman, Martin, 17n

  Selkirk, Alexander, 166n

  serotonin, 252, 264

  Seward’s Purchase, 248n

  Shackleton, Ernest, 7, 9, 62, 98, 101–3, 180n, 201, 268

  advertisement placed by, 96–97

  fame of, 97

  Imperial Trans-Antarctiv Expedition of, 96–97, 99–100

  successful Antarctic expedition of, 98–99

  Shepheard, Samuel, 234n

  Shepheard Hotel, 234

  Shipton, Eric, 140, 142n

  Siberia, 44

  Siberian fur trade, 44

  Sikdhar, Radhanath, 131

  Silurian System, The (Murchison), 84

  Simpson, Thomas, 8

  slavery, 64, 91, 108, 109

  sleeping sickness, 116

  Slocum, Joshua, 9

  smallpox, 74

  snakes, 117–19

  Snow, Dr., 260–61

  Snyder, Charles, 88

  Sogdian Rock, 132

  Somali coast, 49–50

  Somaliland, 22–23, 24, 50, 51, 76

  Somaliland Expedition, 25, 49, 86, 103–4, 105, 106, 119

  somatic arousal, 161–63

  South America, 65, 72, 175–76

  Southern Ocean, 101

  South Georgia Island, 101, 102, 103, 180n

  South Pole, 12, 97, 99, 142, 167–74

  space exploration, 210n, 247

  Spain, 64, 69n, 73

  Speke, John Hanning, 1–4, 10, 12, 18, 19–20, 22–23, 25–26, 49–50, 51, 52, 55–56, 59, 64, 76, 80, 87–88, 103, 104–5, 117, 146–47, 148, 166, 180–82, 194, 197–99, 201, 212–13, 214–15, 249, 252–53, 257, 260, 263, 266, 269

  African knowledge of, 222

  anger at Burton of, 111

  Berbera attack on, 52–55

  Burton’s attempts to discredit, 213

  Burton’s conflict with, 149–50, 216

  Burton’s debate with, 3–4

  Burton’s invitation to join, 106

  Burton’s relationship with, 103–4, 110–11

  characteristics of, 104

  confidence of, 222

  courage of, 104–5

  curiosity of, 28–29

  death of, 1, 259–61, 262–63

  fall from grace of, 254–55

  as hunter, 2, 21–22

  illness of, 213

  independence of, 199

  in India, 21

  intellect of, 236

  journals of, 253–54

  lack of fear in, 217–18

  as loner, 20

  monument of, 266–69

  naïveté of, 22

  Nile journey of, 216–17, 220–32

  as ordinary, 20

  as outsider, 22

  passion of, 124–25

  penchant for solitude of, 21

  in return to England, 234–36

  self-discipline of, 223–24, 228–29

  source of Nile discovered by, 189–90, 195–97, 247

  see also Burton-Speke Expedition

  Speke, Mount, 180

  Speke, William, 20

  Speke-Grant expedition, 220–32

  Speke Gulf, 180

  Speke obelisk, 7

  Speke’s gazelle, 2, 180

  Springsteen, Bruce, 17n

  Stanley, Henry Morton, 62, 115n, 130, 145–46, 148n, 184, 201, 234n, 263, 265

  Star Trek, 210n

  State Department, U.S., 157, 158

  Steinbauer, Wolfgang, 235n

  Stockholm, 44

  Stocks, J. Ellerton, 25

  Stoddart, David, 11, 11n, 12

  Stone Town Harbor, 107–8, 114

  stress hormones, 161

  stress response, 89

  Stroyan, William, 49, 51–52, 54

  Stuart, Andrew, 35
>
  Stuart, Margaret, 115n

  subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), 162–63

  Sudan, 31

  Sudd, 79–80, 217

  Suez Canal, 214n

  sunglasses, 152

  Superior, Lake, 197n

  supplemental oxygen, 133

  Susi, 147

  Swift, Jonathan, 166n

  Sydney, Thomas Townshend, Viscount, 36

  syphilis, 55

  Tahiti, 31

  Tana, Lake, 194n

  Tanganyika, Lake, 109, 153–55, 158–59, 181, 185–86, 189, 197–98, 213, 261, 263, 265

  size of, 154n

  Tanzania, 118, 158

  Tanzanian National Railway, 201

  Tarzan (Burroughs), 113

  Tasmania, 92

  Tennessee, 30–31

  Terra Nova expedition, 167–74

  Terray, Lionel, 135, 136, 137

  Terror, 93, 94, 95, 98

  Terror, Mount, 98

  Thames River, 187

  Theory of Intrinsic of Motivation, 16

  “Three Jewels,” 109

  Tibet, 13

  Timbuktu, 37, 47, 112

  Times (London), 71, 227n

  time zones, 122

  Tinné, Alexandrine, 48

  Tordesillas, Treaty of, 69

  trabuco (gun), 30

  travel writing, 59

  Trinity College, 24

  Truman, Harry, 227

  Tsavo, 89–90

  man-eaters of, 89n–90n

  tsetse flies, 116

  Tuchman, Barbara, 61

  Tuckey, James Hingston, 114–15, 115n, 148n

  Tutankhamen, King, 245, 246

  20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (Verne), 93n

  typhoid, 177

  Ujiji, 87, 104, 109, 145, 150, 151, 152, 155–56, 158–59, 183, 184, 186, 265

  United States, 77

  westward expansion of, 210–11

  Valley of the Kings, 241–45, 246n

  Varthema, Ludovico di, 26

  ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 250

  Verbiest, Ferdinant, 238n

  Verne, Jules, 93n

  Vespucci, Amerigo, 68

  Victoria, Lake, 196–99, 212, 213, 220, 230, 261, 263, 265

  size of, 197

  Speke’s map of, 215

  waterfall at, 230–31

  Victoria, Queen of England, 28, 84, 112, 130, 144, 268n

  Victoria Falls, 113

  Victorian era of African exploration, 111–12

  Vikings, 168

  vitriolic acid, 46

  Voyage of Saint Brendan the Abbot, The, 60, 61

  Waldecker, Burkhardt, 192

  Walpole, Horace, 38

  Watt, Eddie, 128

  Watt, Gertrude, 128, 130

  Waugh, Andrew, 130–31

  Wellington, Duke of, 21

  White Nile, 194

  Whymper, Edward, 134

  Wilderness Road, 31

  Will and the Ways, The (Snyder), 88

  William III, King of England (William of Orange), 70

  William IV, King of England, 8, 11, 81, 93

  Wilson, Edward, 98, 173, 174

  Winter Palace Hotel, 240

  Witkin, Herman, 199–200

  World War I, 97, 244

  World War II, 139

  Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 205

  Wright, Thomas, 82–83

  wristwatches, 121n

  writer’s block, 89

  Yangtze River, 77n

  Yeager, Chuck, 223–24

  Younghusband, Francis, 26–27, 246

  in walk from Peking to Bombay, 27

  Zambezi River, 23, 144, 181, 256–57,

  265

  Zanzibar, 107–8, 114, 115, 214, 216

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  Interior design by Ruth Lee-Mui

  Manufactured in the United States of America

  10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Dugard, Martin.

  The explorers : a story of fearless outcasts, blundering geniuses, and impossible success / Martin Dugard.

  pages cm

  Includes bibliographical references and index.

  1. Explorers—Biography. I. Title.

  G200.D84 2014

  910.92'2—dc232013040158

  ISBN 978-1-4516-7757-7

  ISBN 978-1-4516-7759-1 (ebook)